Informatics Publishing Limited

Rekha ¹, Nethra Rani ², Purushotham Naidu ³, Ravindra ⁴, Rajeshwari ⁵

Affiliations
1 Dept of Pharmacology, MVJMC and RH, Bangalore, IN
2 MLCU, Anekal, IN
3 Biocon, Bangalore, IN
4 Hassan, IN
5 Dept of Pharmacology, MVJMC and RH, IN

Abstract

Background: Health workers have been increasingly recognized as the most important inputs in a health system. The World Health Report 2000 notes "performance (quality and efficiency) of a health system depends ultimately on the knowledge, skills and motivation of the people responsible for delivering services". Recognizing the importance of Health Workers (Female) for the delivery of health care delivery, Government of India decided to appoint a second HW (F) in every subcenter under NRHM, which was launched in India in 2006. The present study was undertaken to assess if the performance of subcenters improved after introduction of a second health worker.

Method: The present study was conducted in twenty subcenters from seven PHCs in Wardha from March 2010 to April 2010 using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results: The findings of the in-depth interviews showed that there is an improvement in field visits and reporting of vital events especially in subcenters with more population The improvement was also observed in pregnancy registration, institutional deliveries and subcenter deliveries. The improvement in subcenter functioning, both in terms of quality&quantity were not as expected after doubling of manpower at subcenter.

Conclusion: Our assessment suggested there ia a improvement in subcenter performance with appointment of a second Health Worker (Female).

Keywords

Health Worker, Subcenter

Full Text

     

Gauree Shanker ¹, Ravindra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304 022, IN

Abstract

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the various kinds of hypersurfaces of Finsler space with special (α, β)-Metric α + β + βⁿ⁺¹/α^n.

Keywords

Special Finsler Hypersurface, (α, β)-Metric, Hyperplane of 1^st Kind, Hyperplane of 2^nd Kind, Hyperplane of 3^rd Kind.

Full Text

     

Vikram Yogi ¹, Rishabh Kumar ², Ravindra ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Economics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, NEW DELHI, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Economics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, NEW DELHI, IN

Abstract

Indian economy is mainly agro based but the economic reforms in the early nineties did not have any direct recommendations for agricultural sector. Sugarcane is one of the widely grown crop in India and India is second largest for sugar in the world. India's sugar policy significantly affects the sugar economy at the world level. Contrastingly, after liberalisation the sugar industry showed lower growth rate which may be due to technological, managerial and economical inefficiencies at farm as well as policy making levels. These are needed to be corrected based on the various expert committees' recommendations. The instability in area under sugarcane area and production was found low due adequate availability of irrigation in major states unlike other states. The pending arrears by mills are also responsible instability in production.

Keywords

Sugar, Sugarcane, Growth rate, Liberalisation, Instability.

Full Text

     

Anubhav Mishra ¹, Girish Sahu ¹, Amit Kumar ¹, Deepak Patel ¹, Ghanshyam Rathore ¹, Dileshwar Sahu ¹, Ravindra ¹, Manmohan Diwan ¹, Dhaniram Kanwar ¹, Laxminarayan Patel ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, IN

Abstract

Controlled drug delivery is useful because it allows obtaining better drug product, effectiveness, reliability and safety. Hydrogel are one of the upcoming classes of polymer-based controlled release drug delivery systems. Besides exhibiting swelling-controlled drug release, hydrogel also show stimuli-responsive changes in their structural network and hence, the drug release. Because of large variations in physiological pH at various body sites in normal as well as pathological conditions, pH-responsive polymeric networks have been extensively studied. This review highlights the use of hydrogel (a class of polymeric systems) in controlled drug delivery, and their application in pH-responsive, drug release. Hydrogel show minimal tendency to adsorb proteins from body fluids because of their low interfacial tension. Further, the ability of molecules of different sizes to diffuse into (drug loading) and out of (drug release) hydrogel allows the possible use of dry or swollen polymeric networks as drug delivery systems for oral, nasal, buccal, rectal, vaginal, ocular and parenteral routes of administration. Hydrogel also terms 'intelligent gels' or 'smart hydrogel'. The smartness of any material is the key to its ability to receive, transmit or process a stimulus, and respond by producing a useful effect. This review highlights the use of hydrogel (a class of polymeric systems) in controlled drug delivery, and their application in stimuli responsive, especially pH-responsive, drug release. In this review article, the various aspects of pharmaceutical microemulsin where compile together and the target audience are specifically the M.pharm and B.pharm student so that their knowledge towards the subject concern can be enhanced and also at the same time can be motivated towards the publication.

Keywords

Hydrogel, Stimuli-Responsive, Smart Hydrogel.

Full Text

     

Ravindra ¹, Shobhadevi R. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Social Work, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnatak, IN

Abstract

HIV/AIDS is a serious menace prevailing in the county and other Asian countries as well. Although the prevalence rate of HIV is 0.91 percent in India the number of people living with the infection is 5.13 million. The near universal nature and the high intensity of stigma attached to HIV/AIDS may be attributed to its intimate connection with two subjects that are taboo (stigmatised) in most societies and certainly in South Asia sexual behaviour and death. Present research is an approach in understanding the social, economical and health condition of the HIV positive people with special reference to Dharwad district. The age group which generally sufferer with this deadly diseases is mid 30's, 40's and 50's. This is the age when the people are economically productive towards their family, towards the society and towards the county. The first case of HIV was detected in Chennai in 1986 and first sero-positive individual was detected and first AIDS case was also reported during the same year. There are around 16 districts in Karnataka which poses more than 1 percent prevalence of HIV/AIDS and Dharwad is also one among them. The factors which are causing the rapid growth in the prevalence rate has definitely affected the social and economic ischolar_mains deeply. Hence its impact is severe on the social and economic consequences and affects a individual's family. To study the impact of demographic variables such as age, sex, education, marital status, religion, occupation, domicile, source of income, type of family, opportunistic infections, detection of HIV status, disclosure, ART treatment, side effects of ART treatment and any other treatment apart from ART. 200 respondents have been selected from Dharwad District of Karnataka State from age group 19 to 49 years and above which consisted of 82 males and 118 females. Majority of the respondents i.e 35.50 percent of them had obtained primary education. Majority of the respondents i.e. 62 percent of them were married, maximum of respondent's occupation was coolie in a rural locality with below Rs. 5000/- income per month. 84 percent of them had no opportunistic infections and stayed in a nuclear family.

Keywords

HIV/AIDS, Occupation, Economy, Social, Religious, Health, Art

Full Text